What is a CNC machine tool? -Solutions - Huaqiang Electronic Network

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CNC machine tool is the abbreviation of digital control machine tool, which is an automatic machine tool with program control system. The control system can logically process and decode the program with control code or other symbolic instructions to cause the machine to operate and machine the part.

CNC machine control unit

The operation and monitoring of CNC machine tools are all done in this CNC unit, which is the brain of CNC machine tools.

Compared with ordinary machine tools, CNC machine tools have the following characteristics:

●High processing precision and stable processing quality;

●Multi-coordinate linkage can be performed to process parts with complex shapes;

●When the machined parts are changed, generally only need to change the NC program, which can save production preparation time;

●The machine tool itself has high precision and rigidity, and can choose favorable processing amount, and the productivity is high (usually 3~5 times of ordinary machine tools);

●The degree of automation of the machine tool is high, which can reduce the labor intensity;

● The quality of the operators is high, and the technical requirements for maintenance personnel are higher.

CNC machine tools generally consist of the following parts:

● Mainframe, he is the subject of CNC machine tools, including machine parts, columns, spindles, feed mechanisms and other mechanical components. He is a mechanical component for performing various cutting operations.

●The numerical control device is the core of the CNC machine tool, including hardware (printed circuit board, CRT display, key box, tape reader, etc.) and corresponding software for inputting digital part programs and completing the storage and data of input information. Transform, interpolate, and implement various control functions.

● Drive unit, which is the driving part of the CNC machine tool actuator, including the spindle drive unit, the feed unit, the spindle motor and the feed motor. He drives the spindle and feed through an electric or electro-hydraulic servo system under the control of a numerical control unit. When several feeds are linked, the positioning, straight line, plane curve and space curve can be processed.

● Auxiliary devices, some necessary components of the index-controlled machine tool to ensure the operation of CNC machine tools, such as cooling, chip removal, lubrication, lighting, monitoring, etc. It includes hydraulic and pneumatic devices, chip removal devices, exchange tables, CNC turntables and CNC indexing heads, as well as tools and monitoring and inspection devices.

● Programming and other ancillary equipment, which can be used to program and store parts outside the machine.

Since the development of the world's first CNC machine tool by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1952, CNC machine tools have been widely used in the manufacturing industry, especially in the automotive, aerospace, and military industries. CNC technology is both in hardware and software. , there are rapid developments.

Machining Center

The machining center is a highly automated multi-function CNC machine with a tool magazine and automatic tool changer. After the workpiece is clamped once on the machining center, it can process multiple processes on more than two surfaces, and has a variety of tool change or tool selection functions, which greatly improves production efficiency.

The machining center is divided into two categories according to its machining process: boring and turning, and can be divided into three-axis, four-axis and five-axis machining centers according to the number of control axes.

CNC machine features

1. The numerical control system replaces the manual operation of the general machine tool and has sufficient flexibility. As long as the part program is re-programmed and the corresponding tooling is replaced, new parts can be processed.
2, the processing accuracy of parts is consistent, avoiding the influence of human factors in the processing of general machine tools.
3, short production cycle, especially suitable for small batch, single-piece parts processing.
4. It can process parts with complex shapes, such as 2D contour or 3D contour machining.
5, easy to adjust the machine tool, compared with other processing methods, the adjustment time is less.
6. Easy to establish a computer communication network.
7. The initial investment in equipment is large.
8. Due to the complexity of the system itself, the technical difficulty of maintenance and maintenance costs are increased.