When the AC voltage U1 is applied to the primary side of the transformer, and the current flowing through the primary winding is I1, the current will generate an alternating magnetic flux in the iron core, causing electromagnetic contact between the primary winding and the secondary winding, and alternating according to the principle of electromagnetic induction. The magnetic flux passes through the two windings to induce an electromotive force, the magnitude of which is proportional to the number of winding turns and the maximum value of the main magnetic flux. The voltage on the side with a large number of winding turns is high, and the voltage on the side with a small number of winding turns is low. When the secondary side of the transformer is open, that is, when the transformer is unloaded, the secondary terminal voltage is proportional to the number of turns of the secondary winding, and the transformer serves the purpose of converting the voltage.
When the secondary side of the transformer is connected to the load, under the action of the electromotive force E2, a secondary current will pass, and the electromotive force generated by the current will also act on the same core, which acts as a reverse demagnetization, but The magnetic flux depends on the power supply voltage, and U1 remains basically unchanged. Therefore, the primary winding current will automatically increase by one component to generate the magnetomotive force F1 to cancel the magnetomotive force F2 generated by the secondary winding current. Under the action of L1 and L2, the total magnetomotive force acting on the iron core (excluding the no-load current I0), F1+F2=0, since F1=I1N1, F2=I2N2, I1N1+I2N2=0, from the formula, I1 and I2 are in phase, so I1/I2=N2/N1=1/K
It can be known from the formula that the secondary current ratio and the secondary voltage ratio are reciprocal, and the power of the secondary winding of the transformer is basically unchanged (because the loss of the transformer itself is relatively small compared to its transmission power), the magnitude of the secondary winding current I2 Depending on the needs of the load, the magnitude of the primary winding current I1 also depends on the load, and the transformer acts as a power transfer.
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