Electronic enthusiasts core tips : According to reports, at the 244th National Conference and Expo of the American Chemical Society recently, a study on DNA circuits subverted the public's perception of "circuits". This is a biosensor that uses circuit conductivity changes to detect genetic damage and errors. If gene replication errors occur and are not corrected in time, it will cause cancer, physiological and mental diseases. "DNA circuits and their potential applications in identifying the risk of human beings suffering from a certain disease" were also the focus topics discussed by all participants on the day.
"DNA circuits are very fragile and cannot be installed in rooms for common public electronic equipment. But this fragility makes it extremely sensitive and can be used as an electrical biosensor to identify DNA damage." California Institute of Technology Chemistry and Chemical Division The chairman and chemistry professor Jacqueline Button said. Barton won the National Science Medal for discovering that the DNA double helix is ​​like a signal line that can be used to detect and repair genetic damage.
Barton explained that DNA is constantly damaged. For example, sunlight and ultraviolet rays can damage skin cells, and the carcinogens contained in cigarettes can damage lung cells; but the cells also have a natural repair system, which contains some special proteins like inspectors. During the process of constructing the DNA double helix structure, it constantly patrolled, monitoring about 3 billion base pairs in the cell DNA, looking for and repairing the damage caused by carcinogens.
In terms of chemical properties, DNA is very similar to the solid materials used in transistors and some electronic components. Their bases are stacked on top of each other. This arrangement is conductive. Patton said: "It's like stacking a bunch of copper coins together, and they can conduct electricity if they are properly aligned. If one of the coins in the pile makes a mistake or is not placed well, the conductivity will decrease. If it is a base pair Improper matching, or damage that may cause cancer, the circuit will be disrupted, and the current will not be smooth. "
Through research, the Barton team discovered that electrons can flow from the end of one DNA strand to another, just like in a wire. This electrical property of DNA can provide a powerful signal platform to correct proteins and repair DNA damage. If DNA suddenly conducts poorly, this is a signal that a protein needs to be repaired.
In the latest development, they let a current pass through a piece of DNA that is 34 nanometers long. This length is suitable for medical diagnostic equipment and biosensors. It can detect mutations and changes in DNA well. These changes may cause cancer or other disease.
Currently, the research team is developing a "DNA chip" device that uses DNA's natural conductivity and their ability to bind to complementary bases to detect damage in the DNA sequence.
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