Chips, in electronics, are a way of miniaturizing circuits and are usually fabricated on the surface of a semiconductor wafer. One is an integrated circuit that manufactures circuits on the surface of a semiconductor chip, also known as a thin-film integrated circuit, and the other is a thick-film hybrid integrated circuit, which is a miniaturized circuit composed of independent semiconductor devices and passive components integrated into a substrate or circuit board. .
The current classification is as follows:
1. Classification by functional structure
Integrated circuits can be divided into two categories: analog integrated circuits and digital integrated circuits according to their functions and structures.
Analog integrated circuits are used to generate, amplify and process various analog signals (referring to signals whose amplitude varies with time frontier. For example, audio signals of semiconductor radios, tape signals of VCRs, etc.), while digital integrated circuits are used to generate, amplify and process Various digital signals (referring to signals with discrete values ​​in time and amplitude. For example, audio signals and video signals played by VCD and DVD).
Basic analog integrated circuits are operational amplifiers, multipliers, integrated voltage regulators, timers, signal generators, etc. There are many varieties of digital integrated circuits. Small-scale integrated circuits have various gate circuits, namely NAND gates, NOT gates, or gates, etc.; medium-scale integrated circuits have data selectors, codecs, flip-flops, counters, registers, etc. Large-scale or very large-scale integrated circuits are PLD (Programmable Logic Device) and ASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit).
From the perspective of PLD and ASIC, the distinction between components, devices, circuits, and systems is no longer very strict. Not only that, the PLD device itself is just a hardware carrier, and different circuit functions can be realized by loading different programs. Therefore, modern devices are no longer pure hardware. Software devices and corresponding software electronics have been widely used in modern electronic design, and their status is becoming more and more important.
There are many kinds of circuit components. With the continuous improvement of electronic technology and craftsmanship, a large number of new devices continue to appear, and the same device also has a variety of packaging forms. For example, SMD components can be seen everywhere in modern electronic products. For different use environments, the same device also has different industrial standards. Domestic components usually have three standards, namely: civil standards, industrial standards, and military standards. Different standards have different prices. Military standard devices can cost ten times or more than civilian standards. Industry standards are somewhere in between.
2. Classification by production process
Integrated circuits can be divided into semiconductor integrated circuits and thin film integrated circuits according to the manufacturing process. Film integrated circuits are further classified into thick film integrated circuits and thin film integrated circuits.
3. Classification according to the level of integration
Integrated circuits are divided into small-scale integrated circuits (SSI), medium-scale integrated circuits (MSI), large-scale integrated circuits (LSI), very large-scale integrated circuits (VLSI), and ultra-large-scale integrated circuits (ULSI).
4. According to different types of conductivity
Integrated circuits can be divided into bipolar integrated circuits and unipolar integrated circuits according to the conductivity type. The production process of bipolar integrated circuits is complicated and the power consumption is relatively large, which means that there are TTL, ECL, HTL, LST-TL, STTL and other types of integrated circuits. The production process of unipolar integrated circuits is simple, the power consumption is also low, and it is easy to be made into large-scale integrated circuits. The representative integrated circuits are CMOS, NMOS, PMOS and other types.
So, what is the most successful chip in history? The chip with the most shipments
Don't guess, it's it!
This is the electrician's artifact, the 555 timer. From its birth to the present, the sales volume has exceeded 10 billion, and the circuit design has never changed greatly. It can be said to be the most successful chip in history.
The NE555 bipolar time base circuit (the first generation of the 555) was developed by Signetics in the United States in 1972. The original intention of the design is to replace mechanical delayers such as thermal delay relays with large size and poor timing accuracy. But after the device was put on the market, it was found that its application was far beyond the scope of the original design, and it was widely used in almost all fields of electronic applications.
In 1974, Signetics integrated two bipolar 555 units on the same substrate and named it NF556. In 1978, Intelsil successfully developed CMOS time base circuits ICM555 and 1CM556, and later introduced four time bases. The circuit integrates the four time base circuit 556 on one chip.
Due to the use of CMOS technology and high integration, the application of time-based circuits has been extended from civilian use to high-tech fields such as rockets, missiles, satellites, and aerospace. As a result, major semiconductor companies around the world are also competing to imitate and produce them until today. However, the last 3 digits of all bipolar product models are 555, and the last 4 digits of all CMOS product models are 7555. Also, their functions and external pinouts are exactly the same. For more than 40 years, electricians around the world, one after another, have used 555 to realize one application circuit after another. Below, we will show you what the 555 can do. 555 Amplifier circuit 555 can be used as an amplifier, the mode of operation is very similar to PWM.
Motorcycle turn signal control
To control the turn signals on both sides, two circuits are required.
Bipolar LED Driver Circuit This circuit can drive alternately flashing red and green LED lights.
The automotive tachometer 555 is configured as a monostable in the circuit.
Sustainability Tester This circuit detects low and high resistance and controls the microphone to sound.
Flash LED
chirp siren
Analog Laser
This circuit produces a sound like a laser gun and flashes a white LED at 5Hz.
latch circuit
LED Dice
LED dimmer This circuit modulates the brightness of one or more LEDs from 5% to 95%.
photodetector
Machine gun (can simulate the sound of a machine gun)
Audio Mosquito Repellent This circuit produces tones above the human hearing range, but requires a piezoelectric film with a 15KHz response.
Motor PWM control The speed of the motor is controlled by the circuit, and the range is 5% to 95%.
Rain Alarm Circuit
This circuit consumes no current until the humidity sensor detects rain.
Roulette circuit When the finger touches the induction line, the circuit makes the LEDs light up in sequence to produce the effect of rotation. The fingers are removed, the rotation slows down, and eventually stops.
100dB Siren This is a very loud siren, if two piezoelectric ceramic switches are used in the house, the thief will not know where the sound is coming from.
Servo detection circuit This circuit can control the servo motor to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise.
Stepper motor control circuit The direction of motor rotation depends on the forward and reverse switches.
Stun Gun Circuit This circuit can generate very high voltages and should be used with great care.
The triode detection 555 works at 2Hz, when the voltage is in one direction, one LED is lit; when the triode is open, all the LEDs will flash, and when the triode is shorted, all the LEDs are off.
How, do you think the 555 is really amazing. Really used the 555, you don't have to buy a lot of expensive chips.
Connection cables widely used for connecting Sensors and actuators . Based on different situations , we can provide M5 Connection Cable , M8 Connection Cable , M12 Connection Cable , 7/8" connection cable . For these cables , we can provide 3 to 17 cores .
Connection Cable,valve cable,M8 cable,M12 cable,7/8" cable
Kunshan SVL Electric Co.,Ltd , https://www.svlelectric.com