At present, the reason why the charging pile operators do not make money is that the demand is still too small and not concentrated. As of the middle of 2017, the national electric vehicle ownership is less than 1.5 million, which is less than 1% of the national automobile ownership, so this stage can be profitable. It is mainly a pile enterprise that buys and sells a hammer upstream. At present, the income from the construction and operation of charging piles mainly comes from: 1. Government, subsidy for infrastructure construction; 2. Customer, charging service fee + electricity fee, service fee is only charged in a few cities, passenger car owners have the most opinion, and electricity charges are fully delivered to the grid. No profit. First of all, government subsidies are not long-term solutions, and the amount is not much. Secondly, the charging service charge has been criticized by customers. More than 60% of the charging piles in the United States are free. Other feasible ones are charging piles and so on, but they are not scaled at the moment and are not feasible at the moment.
No matter in the capital market or industrial policy, I am afraid that no industry has ever fired new energy vehicles. However, this kind of prosperity did not benefit the other end of the industry chain - charging pile enterprises. In fact, charging pile enterprises play a key role in the entire new energy vehicle industry chain. The construction of charging facilities is related to the final result of the promotion and application of new energy vehicles.
A few days ago, the reporter found that the current charging pile enterprises in China are facing a severe survival dilemma. Especially in the case of downstream consumers, high taxes, high electricity prices, low utilization rates and other issues are commonplace. Most of the pile enterprises are even operating at a loss. What is more noteworthy is that the charging pile enterprises have not fully enjoyed the benefits brought by the policies, and even increased unnecessary costs due to various practical reasons. Many of them are still struggling to survive in vicious competition.
The use of property electricity is a helpless choiceThe electricity used by charging pile enterprises generally has two sources, one is to directly take power directly from the grid management enterprise, and the other is to use the property electricity in the area where the charging pile is located, and the electricity of two different sources is obvious in price. difference.
In order to implement the spirit of the “Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles†by the General Office of the State Council (Guo Danfa [2014] No. 35), the use of price levers to promote the promotion and application of electric vehicles was issued by the National Development and Reform Commission on July 22, 2014. Notice on Issues Concerning Electricity Price Policies for Electric Vehicles (hereinafter referred to as "Notice").
The "Notice" clearly stipulates that the electric power consumption policy for electric vehicle charging and replacing facilities shall be implemented, and the electricity consumption of the centralized centralized charging and replacing facilities shall be directly reported to the grid operating enterprises, and the price of large industrial electricity shall be implemented. Before 2020, the basic electricity bill will be temporarily waived. Other charging facilities perform catalogue electricity prices according to their location. Among them, residential households, residential quarters, non-resident users who implement residential electricity prices use electricity for charging facilities, and perform electricity price for consolidated users in residential electricity prices; party and government organs, enterprises and public parking lots The set charging facility uses electricity to perform “general industrial and commercial and other types†electricity prices.
Obviously, for the charging pile enterprises, if the large industrial power can be used, it is the most ideal situation, the operating cost can be controlled in a relatively ideal range, and the price is more attractive to the charging users, which is also the national electricity price concession. One of the purposes of the policy. However, a necessary precondition for enjoying the price of large industrial electricity is to directly report to the grid-operated enterprises for the use of electricity-operated centralized charging and replacing facilities, which is not for charging pile enterprises other than the State Grid and China Southern Power Grid. Easy.
The reporter learned that some local government-related administrative departments have specially issued a document to strictly regulate the conditions for the identification of operational centralized charging and replacing facilities. In June this year, the Shanghai Municipal Transportation Commission issued the "Notice on the Conditions for the Recognition of Operational Centralized Charge and Replacement Facilities", which pointed out that the charging and replacing facilities should have a certain scale, and the charging capacity of the charging and replacing facilities should not be less than 350kW, at least 3 DC charging piles (single unit power not less than 30kW). In addition, if the operating site is not a charging and replacing facility business enterprise, it must sign a cooperation agreement or a site lease contract with the site owner or the entrusted management party for not less than 3 years, and the site is a dedicated venue for new energy vehicle charging and replacing services. It mainly provides services for charging and replacing electric vehicles, and does not provide special parking services.
"According to relevant requirements, there are two major difficulties in the construction of operational centralized charging and replacing facilities: on the one hand, such centralized charging and replacing facilities have relatively high requirements on the site, and such sites are usually tight and scarce resources, compared with the national grid. China Southern Power Grid, private-type charging pile enterprises do not have an advantage in this respect; on the other hand, the construction cost of centralized charging and replacing facilities is relatively high, and private charging pile enterprises are subject to financial strength and it is difficult to build on a large scale.†Li Haopeng, deputy general manager of Call (Beijing) New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., told reporters that “most of the charging piles of private charging pile enterprises can only choose to cooperate with some large communities and public parking lots, so they can only use these places. The price of electricity for the property needs to be negotiated with the property party. At least the price should be increased on the basis of the general industrial and commercial electricity price, and the price will naturally be much higher."
The invoice has become a difficult problem for the pile enterprises.If it is said that the forced use of the property is subject to objective and realistic factors, then the situation in which the pile enterprises use the property electricity to obtain the invoice is obviously “not supposed to be unreasonableâ€.
When interviewing the relevant charging pile enterprises, the reporter found that, in most cases, the charging pile operating enterprises use the electricity provided by the relevant property party, but the property party does not issue invoices at all, and when the charging users charge the electricity, the charging pile operating enterprises will have to Invoice the user. “If you can't get the invoice from the property, you have to issue a 17% VAT invoice to the user.†Li Haopeng said, “This situation is obviously unreasonable. The property party clearly sold the electricity to the charging pile enterprise. It should be provided according to the truth. Invoices, so charging pile companies can offset some of the costs. In this case, charging pile companies can only add a portion of the operating costs, making profitability more difficult.
The reporter learned that some consumers who install private charging piles in the community, like the charging pile operators, also use the property to use electricity, and they all encounter the problem of not invoicing. According to media reports, a citizen of Hangzhou, Mr. Wang, once reported to the relevant administrative departments that the electricity used by the charging piles he built was electricity for the property, but the property could not issue an invoice when the electricity fee was charged. I don’t know what to do. The reply from the local city power company is: Since the charging pile facility is not installed in the power supply department, the power supply department will issue an invoice for the property use, but the cost relationship between the owner and the property can only be solved by the property company. This is like going to the supermarket to buy a supermarket voucher. When the voucher is purchased, the invoice will be issued uniformly, but the person who uses the voucher cannot re-invoice when shopping.
Then, should the property party not issue an invoice? Zhao Zhan, a special researcher at the Intellectual Property Center of China University of Political Science and Law, said in an interview that whether the property is sold to private consumers or charging piles, and the supermarket shopping vouchers are not of the same nature, they are all business operations, and the business behavior is Involving the corresponding amount, you must issue an invoice in accordance with relevant regulations.
“The power company invoices the property, and the property issues an invoice to the charging pile operating enterprise. The charging pile operating enterprise issues an invoice to the charging consumer, and the party purchasing the power and service has the right to request the provider to issue the invoice.†Zhao Occupation further said.
In order to further clarify the situation, the reporter called the Beijing Property Management Industry Association on relevant issues and did not receive a clear reply before the press release. However, the Beijing Municipal Property Management Industry Association’s “Notice on Reply to the Relevant Issues Concerning the “Reform of the Camp†in the Property Industry of the Beijing Municipal State Administration of Taxation stipulates that the water and electricity charges collected and paid shall be subject to VAT in accordance with the brokerage agency service. The general taxpayer tax rate is 6%, and the small-scale taxpayer tax rate is 3%.
Vicious competitionAs an industry on the vent, new energy vehicles are rapidly developing under the strong promotion of national policies, and the construction of charging infrastructure is also in full swing. The incentives introduced by various places have also directly stimulated various capitals, and even some laymen flocked in. On the one hand, these influxes have boosted the development of the market, and on the other hand, they have brought vicious competition that hinders the development of the market.
It is understood that charging pile enterprises are generally divided into two categories, one is equipment manufacturers; the other is operating service providers, and some enterprises such as special calls to both production equipment and operational services. The reporter learned that no matter whether it is the production of charging pile equipment or the charging operation service, there has been a vicious competition.
"Many companies are now rushing to produce charging piles. The products are varied and the quality is uneven. The competition is fierce. Many suppliers have robbed orders through a series of improper means such as lowering prices, which has created a situation of vicious competition." The person in charge of the charging pile equipment manufacturing company reluctantly told reporters that "this has a very negative impact on companies with good product quality and high cost."
In terms of charging operation services, vicious competition is exactly the opposite, which is reflected in the price increase. Zheng Chunfeng, the former general manager of Shenzhen Wanbang Recharge New Energy Co., Ltd., introduced the vicious competition problem of Shenzhen charging pile operators.
In order to encourage the construction of charging infrastructure, the subsidy policy introduced by Shenzhen provides considerable financial subsidies to relevant charging pile enterprises. Taking the “Shenzhen 2017 New Energy Vehicle Promotion and Application Financial Support Policy†as an example, according to charging facilities (station, The installed power of piles and installations is 600 yuan/kW subsidy for DC charging equipment, and 300 yuan/kW subsidy for AC charging equipment, which doubles the previous subsidy.
“Under the policy stimulus, Shenzhen has currently registered and registered the number of charging pile operators in the relevant government departments as many as 40.†Zheng Chunfeng said, “This is still in the case of suspension of approval, if the approval is resumed, more than 60 It’s easy to say. It’s a good idea to say that it’s a hundred flowers, and it’s bad to say that it’s brutal.â€
In a city, the core space suitable for arranging charging piles is limited, and due to the excessive number of charging pile enterprises, there is often a phenomenon in which bids are obtained in order to grab the position. "A lot of property and commercial stations also sit on the ground, who will work with whom the price is high. The rent originally only needs 100,000 yuan. Now it may take 200,000 yuan to get it down, which inevitably pushes up the cost of building piles. "Zheng Chunfeng introduced that these core venues were robbed and empty, but the overall situation was split. In addition, each company's operation and service capabilities were different. As a result, the overall utilization rate of charging piles was not high, and profitability was even more difficult to talk about.
“In 2015 and 2016, the capital of each channel was swarming in. In 2017, it was quiet, especially some local enterprises that traveled across the country. They had their own venues and power supplies, but they built the piles, but in the end they did not operate. Well, half dead does not live.†Zheng Chunfeng suggested that the government should have a correct policy orientation, encourage both capable enterprises to participate, and strictly enforce entry and regulate the healthy development of the market.
Upgrade new national standard and increase costsFor a long time, the charging piles have not been unified due to the non-uniform standards, which has caused great inconvenience to consumers and hindered the promotion and application of new energy vehicles.
In order to achieve interconnection, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Energy Bureau, and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology jointly issued the "Implementation Plan for the New National Standard for Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Interface", requiring that the newly installed charging infrastructure and newly produced electric vehicles must be activated from January 1, 2017. Meet the new national standard. For charging piles that have been completed in accordance with the 2011 version of the standard, the charging service operator should set a timetable for the annual transformation according to the actual situation of the development of the new energy vehicles in the local area, and strive to complete the transformation task by December 31, 2017.
Originally, upgrading the old national standard with old charging piles is a good thing, but it is a high cost for the charging pile operators. "The challenges faced by enterprises this year are more severe. In the first half of the year, it is necessary to complete the renovation of the old national standard charging piles built in 2015, and complete the transformation of the old national standard charging piles built in 2016 before the end of the year." Li Haopeng said, "Technology upgrades and product iterations are Every industry and every enterprise will face normal problems, but the charging pile industry is currently in the investment period. The financial pressure of enterprises is large. Some financial subsidies for charging piles may not have been obtained yet, but now they are facing demolition or scrapping. Enterprises have a heavy burden. Therefore, relevant government departments should consider supporting issues while formulating policies."
“The new national standard upgrade and transformation, the cost is indeed the first problem we encountered. The transformation cost is very high, basically equivalent to the cost of building a new charging pile.†Wang Changqing, general manager of Star Recharge North China Region, said, “This is not only When it comes to software transformation, it also involves manpower and material resources. For example, charging piles need to be returned to the factory. The transportation costs incurred in this are almost the same as the construction cost of a new pile."
The person in charge of another charging pile company said: "In order to complete the upgrade plan required by the local government within the specified time, the company had to upgrade the software part so that the charging pile can meet the charging requirements of both the old and new national standard vehicles. ."
However, this approach has security risks. "According to the requirements of the new national standard, the practice of compatibility between old and new national standards is not allowed, otherwise there will be some potential security risks." Wang Changqing said.
“The policies formulated by the state are very good, but some details of the landing have not been considered.†A person in charge of the charging pile operation company, who is not willing to be named, said, “We are expecting a fair and just market environment with less obstructive factors. I hope that the relevant government departments can hear the voice of the company and introduce some specific management measures to put the policy in place."
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