CNC lathe programming skills - Solutions - Huaqiang Electronic Network

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Although the machining flexibility of CNC lathes is superior to that of ordinary lathes, there is still a certain gap between the production efficiency of a certain type of parts and ordinary lathes. Therefore, improving the efficiency of CNC lathes becomes the key, and the rational use of programming skills and the preparation of high-efficiency machining programs often have unexpected effects on improving machine efficiency.

1. Flexible setting of reference points

The BIEJING-FANUC Power Mate O CNC lathe has two axes, the spindle Z and the tool axis X. The center of the bar is the origin of the coordinate system. When each knife is close to the bar, the coordinate value is reduced, which is called the infeed. Conversely, the coordinate value is increased, which is called retracting. When retracting to the tool start position, the tool stops and this position is called the reference point. The reference point is a very important concept in programming. Every time an automatic cycle is executed, the tool must return to this position and prepare for the next cycle. Therefore, the actual position of the tool and spindle must be adjusted to match the coordinate values ​​before executing the program. However, the actual position of the reference point is not fixed. The programmer can adjust the position of the reference point according to the diameter of the part, the type and number of tools used, and shorten the idle travel of the tool. Thereby improving efficiency.

2. Zeroing into a whole method

In low-voltage electrical appliances, there are a large number of short pin-type parts with an aspect ratio of about 2 to 3 and a diameter of less than 3 mm. Due to the small geometry of the parts, ordinary instrument lathes are difficult to clamp and quality cannot be guaranteed. If programmed according to the conventional method, only one part is machined in each cycle. Due to the short axial dimension, the machine tool spindle slides frequently reciprocate locally on the bed rail, and the spring collet clamping mechanism operates frequently. After a long time of work, it will cause excessive wear on the machine guide rails, affecting the machining accuracy of the machine tool, and even causing the machine to be scrapped. The frequent action of the collet chucking mechanism can cause damage to the control appliance. To solve the above problem, it is necessary to increase the spindle feed length and the movement interval of the collet chucking mechanism without lowering the productivity. It is thus envisaged whether it is possible to process several parts in one machining cycle, and the spindle feed length is several times the length of the single piece, even up to the maximum running distance of the spindle, and the action time interval of the collet clamping mechanism is extended accordingly. It is several times the original. More importantly, the auxiliary time of the original one-piece parts is spread over several parts, and the auxiliary time of each part is greatly shortened, thereby improving production efficiency. In order to realize this idea, I think of the concept of main program and subroutine in computer programming. If the command field related to the geometry of the part is placed in a subroutine, the command field about the machine control and the command field of the cut part will be In the main program, each time a part is machined, the main program calls the subroutine by calling the subroutine command. After the machining is completed, it jumps back to the main program. It is necessary to process several parts and call several sub-programs, which is very beneficial to increase or decrease the number of parts processed per cycle. The processing program prepared in this way is also relatively simple and clear, and is easy to modify and maintain. It is worth noting that since the parameters of the subroutine remain unchanged in each call, and the coordinate moment of the spindle changes, in order to adapt to the main program, relative programming statements must be used in the subroutine.

3. Reduce the tool idle travel

In the BIEJING-FANUC Power Mate O CNC lathe, the movement of the tool is driven by the stepping motor. Although there is a quick point positioning command G00 in the program command, it is still inefficient compared with the feeding method of the ordinary lathe. high. Therefore, in order to improve the efficiency of the machine tool, it is necessary to improve the operating efficiency of the tool. The free travel of the tool is the distance the tool travels close to the workpiece and back to the reference point after cutting. As long as the tool idle travel is reduced, the tool's operating efficiency can be improved. (For CNC lathes with point control, only the positioning accuracy is required, the positioning process can be as fast as possible, and the movement path of the tool relative to the workpiece is irrelevant.) In terms of machine adjustment, the initial position of the tool should be arranged. May be close to the bar. In terms of procedures, it is necessary to use as few tools as possible to machine the parts according to the structure of the parts so that the tools are scattered as much as possible when they are installed, and they will not interfere with each other when they are close to the bar; on the other hand, due to the actual initiality of the tool The position has changed from the original. The position of the reference point of the tool must be modified in the program to match the actual situation. At the same time, with the quick point positioning command, the free travel of the tool can be controlled to a minimum. Thereby improving the processing efficiency of the machine tool.