Since the discovery of carbonnanotubes by electron micrograph expert ima of NEC in 1991 in Japan, carbon nanotubes (CNT) as a new type of nanomaterials, with their unique physical and chemical characteristics, important basic research significance and molecular electronics The potential application value of devices and composite materials has attracted more and more attention. The research of its applications mainly focuses on composite materials, hydrogen storage, electronic devices, batteries, supercapacitor field emission displays, quantum wire templates, electron guns, sensors and microscopes. In the field of probes and other fields, many important advances have been made. 1 Structure of carbon nanotubes Carbon nanotubes can be divided into two categories: single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) are formed by rolling a single layer of graphite into a cylindrical seamless tube (see). It is a perfectly structured single-molecule material with a diameter from a few nanometers to tens of nanometers and a length of several funds. Project: Jinling University of Science and Technology Foundation (it-n-2009-017) ten nanometers to micrometers, even millimeters; multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) can be regarded as the same The shaft sleeve is constructed. The distance between layers is about 0.34nm, which is the same order of magnitude as the distance between the layers of carbon atoms in graphite, 0.335nm. Observation shows that most carbon nanotubes are closed at both ends. Research shows that the caps of carbon nanotube ports Partly due to the presence of a pentagonal structure and a large bending rate, making it more mobile, single-walled carbon nanotubes can be metallic carbon nanotubes or semiconducting carbon depending on the helix direction (helix angle) of the hexagonal ring Nanotubes, and can be characterized by carbon nanotube spiral vector parameters (n, m). When n = m, it is called a chair-type carbon nanotube, which is a metal-type carbon nanotube; when n = 0 or m = 0, it is called a sawtooth carbon nanotube; when n and m are unequal integers , Known as spiral carbon nanotubes zigzag and spiral carbon nanotubes can be either metal carbon nanotubes or semiconductor carbon nanotubes If nm = 3k (k is a non-zero integer), it is semiconductor carbon Nanotubes, otherwise metal-type carbon nanotubes, are closed at both ends by half-sized fullerene spheres. So fullerene (such as O, etc.) is strictly a kind of carbon tube, that is, the length of the tube body is 0, but it should be pointed out that its properties are very different from the carbon tubes in the general sense, so It is generally listed separately to study and discuss the properties of 2 carbon nanotubes. CNT has many strange characteristics, such as thermodynamic properties, field emission characteristics, conductivity, etc., which has attracted great attention from many scientists in the world. Below we simply classify Explanation 2.1 Thermodynamic properties CNT has the same thermal conductivity and unique mechanical properties as diamond. Theoretical calculations show that the tensile strength of carbon nanotubes is 100 times higher than that of steel; from the vibration measurement results of carbon nanotube cantilever beams, it can be estimated that their Young's modulus is as high as about 1, the elongation is up to a few percent, and has Good bendability, can withstand bending deformation and can be bent into a small ring, can be fully restored to the original state after the stress is removed, the pressure will not cause the fracture of carbon nanotubes These very good mechanical properties make them in many fields It has potential application prospects.
2.2 Field emission characteristics Using CNT as the field emission electrode material, its excellent field emission electrode characteristics can make the field emission flat panel display thinner, brighter and clearer, and can revolutionize the flat panel display technology. Compared with the previous field emission cathodes The advantages are as follows: the tiny diameter of carbon nanotubes makes it have a sharp emission tip, and at the same time it has good conductivity, so the end of carbon nanotubes is easy to form a strong electric field, which is very conducive to the field emission of electrons; carbon nanotubes The electron work function is low, about 1. (h carbon nanotubes have very stable emitter characteristics, a metal carbon nanotube is grown on an Au electrode on a Si / Si2 substrate, and then an AFM probe is used Drag the carbon nanotubes in the direction of the arrow to cause two strong bends, and a section of carbon nanotubes with a length of about 25nm between them forms a "Coulomb Island"
Bachtold and others have produced single-walled carbon nanotube-based field-effect transistor demonstration logic circuits. Single-walled carbon nanotube transistors have the characteristics of high efficiency and fast switching at room temperature, and local circuit design can integrate multiple devices into a single chip. on.
Collins and others discussed the engineering problems of carbon nanotubes and carbon nanotube integrated circuits, making carbon nanotubes a step forward in the application of nanoelectronic devices. Use a simple and reliable method to select a single carbon nanotube from the multi-walled carbon nanotubes and single-walled carbon nanotube bundles, and gradually oxidize the carbon nanotubes from the outside to the inside by applying current at both ends. Devices are the core of carbon nanotube electronics. The successful construction of these devices has made the development of carbon nanotube electronics a big step forward. When various electronic devices of carbon nanotubes can be successfully used in practice, and further constitute carbon In the case of nanotube integrated circuits, carbon nanotube electronics will be put into practice. Despite the huge challenges, the huge rewards for solving problems are encouraging. Researchers' unremitting exploration of this unknown field, I believe there will be more amazing discoveries in the near future
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